Titration in Pharmaceutical Industry
Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by reacting it with a known substance. Here’s an overview:
Types of Titration
- Acid-Base Titration: Determines the concentration of an acid or base by reacting it with a strong acid or base.
- Redox Titration: Determines the concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent by reacting it with a known oxidizing or reducing agent.
- Complexation Titration: Determines the concentration of a metal ion by reacting it with a complexing agent.
- Precipitation Titration: Determines the concentration of an ion by reacting it with a known precipitating agent.
Titration Process
- Preparation: Prepare the unknown substance (analyte) and the known substance (titrant).
- Titration: Slowly add the titrant to the analyte while stirring.
- Endpoint Detection: Use an indicator or instrumental method to detect the endpoint of the reaction.
- Calculation: Calculate the concentration of the analyte using the volume of titrant added.
Key Concepts
- Equivalence Point: The point at which the reaction is complete.
- Endpoint: The point at which the indicator changes color or the instrumental signal changes.
- Titration Curve: A graph of the volume of titrant added vs. the concentration of the analyte.
Applications
- Quantitative Analysis: Determining the concentration of a substance in a sample.
- Quality Control: Verifying the purity and concentration of substances in pharmaceuticals, food, and other industries.
- Research and Development: Characterizing new substances and reactions.
Common Titration Techniques
- Potentiometric Titration: Uses a pH meter or potentiometer to detect the endpoint.
- Spectrophotometric Titration: Uses a spectrophotometer to detect the endpoint.
- Conductometric Titration: Uses a conductivity meter to detect the endpoint.
Read also:
- Karl Fiscer Titration in Pharmaceutical Industry
- Potentiometric Titration in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Resource Person: Susmita
