Tablet compression is a complex process influenced by multiple critical factors, including: Material Properties: Particle size, shape, flowability, and moisture content of the powder blend Compression Force: Magnitude and duration of pressure applied by the punches Lubrication: Type and amount of lubricant used to reduce friction and prevent sticking Die & Tooling: Surface finish, clearance,…
Epoxy coatings are primarily based on epoxy resins, which contain reactive epoxide groups, and curing agents (hardeners) that facilitate crosslinking. The most common types of epoxy resins include: Bisphenol A-Based Epoxies: The most widely used class, offering excellent mechanical strength, adhesion, and chemical resistance. Bisphenol F-Based Epoxies: Provide lower viscosity and improved chemical resistance, often…
Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology aimed at improving business processes by reducing defects, variations, and inefficiencies. It was originally developed by Motorola in the 1980s and later popularized by companies like General Electric. Six Sigma uses a structured approach to problem-solving and decision-making, primarily through two methodologies:- Establish Leadership Commitment : Define Goals &…
The difference between ISO standards and EU GMP Annex 1 regarding airflow velocity measurement points is a common source of confusion in qualifying HEPA filter velocity is measured in both cleanrooms and laminar airflow (LAF) especially in Grade A areas. Air velocity is crucial to maintain cleanliness and prevent contamination at clean room but for…
Potentiometers are critical for precise electrochemical measurements, but their electrodes degrade over time due to chemical reactions, contamination, and surface wear. Regenerating these electrodes is crucial to maintain accuracy, sensitivity, and longevity. The Science Behind Electrode Regeneration Surface Contamination & Passivation: Electrode Degradation in Harsh Environments: Restoring Electrode Performance: Regular regeneration ensures stable potential readings,…
Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by reacting it with a known substance. Here’s an overview: Types of Titration Titration Process Key Concepts Applications Common Titration Techniques Read also: Resource Person: Susmita
Potassium chloride (KCl) is the most commonly used standard solution for conductivity calibration because of its well-defined and reproducible conductivity values. Reasons for Using KCl in Conductivity Calibration Stable and Reproducible Conductivity Widely Accepted Standard Minimal Ion Interference Temperature Compensation Easy to Prepare and Store Typical KCl Conductivity Standards at 25°C KCl Molarity (M) –…
It is a device used to measure the electrical conductivity of a liquid, which indicates its ability to conduct electricity. This measurement is commonly used to assess water purity, detect contamination, and monitor chemical concentrations in various industries. Key Components of a Conductivity Meter: Applications: Units of Measurement: Types of Conductivity Meters: Choosing the Right…
